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Scientists say light from distant galaxies took billions of years to reach us. Does that also include bending of light by Black Holes and assumptions on speed of light?
When people say “light took billions of years to reach us,” it is not a direct stopwatch reading—it’s a calculation built on assumptions: scientists measure redshift (stretched light) and then convert it into distance/time using a model that treats the speed of light as fixed and uses expansion rules to translate redshift into “age.” In
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If science says everything started from a Big Bang 13.8 billion years ago, how can we believe that the drama is eternal and repeats?
Big Bang evidence is strong, but “a beginning of our observable universe” does not automatically prove an absolute origin of everything. The key question is what observations could support—or falsify—an eternal or cyclic model. In our research, we suggest that the universe never started from a single Bang.Instead of one big explosion from “nothing”, I